• Routine Health Exams:
  Annual Exam: A general health checkup that includes a pelvic exam to assess the reproductive organs.
  Pap Smear (Cervical Screening): A test to screen for cervical cancer or abnormal cell changes in the cervix.
  Breast Exam: A clinical breast examination to detect any abnormalities or signs of breast cancer.
• Diagnosis and Treatment of Gynecological Disorders:
  Infections: Treatment for vaginal infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), and other reproductive system infections.
  Hormonal Imbalances: Management of menstrual disorders, menopause, and hormonal conditions affecting fertility or
  menstruation.
  Fibroids: Diagnosis and treatment of uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous tumors that can cause pain or heavy
  bleeding.
  Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): Diagnosis and management of PCOS, a condition that can affect menstruation, ovulation,
  and fertility.
• Pregnancy and Childbirth Care:
  Prenatal Care: Monitoring the health of the mother and baby throughout pregnancy, including routine ultrasounds, growth
  monitoring, and screenings for gestational diabetes and high blood pressure.
  Postpartum Care: Providing follow-up care for the mother and newborn after childbirth, addressing issues such as
  breastfeeding, emotional well-being, and physical recovery.
  Labor and Delivery Guidance: Offering advice on childbirth options, including natural birth or cesarean section, and
  supporting the mother through labor and delivery.
• Gynecological Surgery:
  Reproductive Organ Surgery: Performing surgeries to treat conditions like fibroids, ovarian cysts, or endometriosis,
  which may involve removing or repairing organs.
  Minimally Invasive Surgery (Laparoscopy): Using a small camera (laparoscope) for minimally invasive procedures, such as
  removing cysts or treating conditions like pelvic inflammatory disease.
  Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, often done in cases of severe fibroids, cancer, or other serious
  conditions.
• Management of Menstrual Disorders:
  Irregular Periods: Diagnosis and treatment for conditions causing irregular or absent periods, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), thyroid disorders, or stress.
  Painful Periods (Dysmenorrhea): Offering treatments, including medications or lifestyle changes, to alleviate menstrual pain.
• Hormonal Therapy:
  Menopause Management: Providing hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for women going through menopause to manage symptoms like hot flashes, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.
  Hormonal Imbalance Treatment: Correcting hormonal imbalances that affect menstrual cycles or fertility, such as using birth control or other hormone-regulating treatments.
• Preconception and Fertility Care:
  Fertility Consultation: Assisting women and couples with fertility issues, evaluating potential causes of infertility, and providing treatments such as ovulation induction, medications, or referrals to fertility specialists.
  Preconception Counseling: Offering advice on optimizing health before pregnancy, including diet, exercise, and lifestyle modifications to improve the chances of conception.
• Sexual Health:
  Sexual Health Counseling: Providing advice on maintaining sexual health, addressing concerns like vaginal dryness, pain during intercourse, or sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
  Contraception: Offering guidance on birth control options, including pills, intrauterine devices (IUDs), implants, and sterilization.
• Incontinence and Pelvic Health:
  Pelvic Floor Dysfunction: Treating conditions like urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, or pelvic pain, and providing pelvic floor physical therapy or surgical options if necessary.
  Urinary Health: Managing conditions such as urinary tract infections (UTIs) or bladder issues.
• Preventive Health and Education:
  Cancer Screening: Routine screening for gynecological cancers, including cervical, ovarian, and uterine cancers.
  Lifestyle Guidance: Offering advice on maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including nutrition, exercise, and mental health support.
• Management of Perimenopause and Menopause:
  Perimenopause and Menopause Care: Managing the transition to menopause, addressing symptoms such as irregular periods, mood swings, sleep disturbances, and vaginal dryness, and offering treatment options like hormone replacement therapy (HRT).
• Adolescent Gynecology:
  Adolescent Care: Providing care for young women experiencing puberty, including menstrual health, sexual education, and counseling for issues like painful periods or acne.
• Family Planning and Reproductive Health:
  Family Planning Advice: Counseling on reproductive options, including natural family planning, contraception, and sterilization.
  Postpartum Contraception: Guidance on birth control after childbirth, including non-hormonal methods or birth control suitable for breastfeeding women.

Gynecologists play a crucial role in women’s health across their lifespan, from adolescence through menopause and beyond. They not only diagnose and treat gynecological issues but also provide preventive care and support for reproductive health, ensuring overall well-being for women.